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The concept of fast-track mergers under Section 233 of the Companies Act, 2013 , was introduced with the objective of providing a simplified route for intra-group restructurings that did not necessitate extensive judicial oversight. However, despite its promise, the mechanism remained largely underutilised for years, primarily due to restrictive eligibility criteria and limited scope. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), through its amendment to the Companies (Compromises

On 15 September 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued the Master Directions on Regulation of Payment Aggregators (PAs) a decisive move that has reshaped the regulatory architecture of India’s fast-moving fintech sector. What may appear as a routine rulebook in fact marks a watershed moment. For years, India’s payments landscape thrived on rapid experimentation, fuelled by agile startups and a light-touch regulatory regime. That era is now giving way to one of strict o

I. Introduction: The Evolving Role and Regulatory Classification of Core Investment Companies in India’s NBFC Ecosystem   The management of complex capital structures within India’s large, diversified corporate conglomerates hinges critically on the regulatory treatment of holding entities. Core Investment Companies ( CICs ) serve as specialized Non-Banking Financial Companies ( NBFCs ), playing a central role in structuring, holding, and managing investments in group entitie